Born: 1/1/1734 in Boston, Massachusetts Died: 5/10/1818 in Boston, Massachusetts Father: Paul Revere (Apollos Rivoire) (1702-1754) Mother: Deborah Hitchbourn (1704-1777) Married: Sarah Orne (1736 - 1773) on August 4,
1757
Rachel Walker (1745-1813) on October 10, 1773 Children:
Deborah Revere (1758-1797)
Paul Revere Jr. (1760-1813)
Sarah Revere (1762-1791)
Mary Revere (1764-1765)
Frances Revere (1766-1799)
Mary Revere (1768-1853)
Elizabeth Revere (1770-1805)
Isannah Revere (1772-1773)
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Joshua Revere (1774-1801)
John Revere (born/died 1776)
Joseph Warren Revere (1777-1868)
Lucy Revere (born/died 1780)
Harriet Revere (1783-1860)
John Revere (1783-1786)
Maria Revere (1785-1847)
John Revere (1787-1847)
Paul Revere, the folk hero of the American Revolution whose
dramatic horseback ride on the night of April 18, 1775
warning Boston-area residents that the British were coming,
was immortalized in a ballad by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Revere was mainly distinguished in the colonial era as a
master silversmith -- a craft he learned from his father,
Apollos Rivoire, a Huguenot refugee who changed his name to
Revere in the New World. To support his large family, the
versatile and energetic craftsman also made surgical
instruments, sold spectacles, replaced missing teeth, and
engraved copper plates, the most famous of which portrayed
his version of the Boston Massacre.
Paul Revere 1734-1813
An obituary in the Boston Intelligence commented,
"seldom has the tomb closed upon a life so honorable and useful".
This seems an accurate representation of the life of one of the more modest
and trustworthy men who ever walked the face of the earth.
Born in Boston's North End in December, 1734, Paul Revere was the son
of Apollos Rivoire, a French Huguenot (Protestant) immigrant, and Deborah Hitchbourn,
daughter of a local artisan family. Rivoire, who changed his name to Paul
Revere some time after immigrating, was a goldsmith and eventually the head
of a large household. Paul Revere was the second of at least 9, possibly as
many as 12 children and the eldest surviving son.
Revere was educated at the North Writing School and learned the art
of gold and silversmithing from his father. When Revere was nineteen (and
nearly finished with his apprenticeship) his father died, leaving Revere
as the family's main source of income. Two years later, in 1756, Revere
volunteered to fight the French at Lake George, New York, where he was
commissioned as a second lieutenant in the colonial artillery.
In August, 1757, Revere married Sarah Orne. Together, they had eight
children. Soon after Sarah's death in 1773, Revere married Rachel Walker
with whom he had eight children.
Revere's primary vocation, a trade he learned from his father, was
that of goldsmith/silversmith, meaning he worked in both gold and silver.
His silver shop was the cornerstone of his professional life for more than
40 years. As the master of his silversmith shop, Revere was responsible for
both the workmanship and the quality of the metal alloy used. He employed
numerous apprentices and journeymen to produce pieces ranging from simple
spoons to magnificent full tea sets. His work, highly praised during his
lifetime, is regarded as one of the outstanding achievements in American
decorative arts.
Revere also supplemented his income with other work. During the
economic depression before the Revolution, Revere began his work as a copper
plate engraver. He produced illustrations for books and magazines, business
cards, political cartoons, bookplates, a song book and bills of fare for
taverns. He also advertised as a dentist from 1768 to 1775. He not only
cleaned teeth, but also wired in false teeth carved from walrus ivory or
animal teeth. Contrary to popular myth, he did not make George Washington's
false teeth. Fabricating a full set of dentures was beyond his ability.
Revere's political involvement arose through his connections with
members of local organizations and his business patrons. As a member of the
Masonic Lodge of St. Andrew, he was friendly with activists like James Otis
and Dr. Joseph Warren. In the year before the Revolution, Revere gathered
intelligence information by "watching the Movements of British
Soldiers," as he wrote in an account of his ride. He was a courier for
the Boston Committee of Correspondence and the Massachusetts Committee of
Safety, riding express to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia. He also
spread the word of the Boston Tea Party to New York and Philadelphia.
At 10 pm on the night of April 18, 1775, Revere received instructions
from Dr. Joseph Warren to ride to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Samuel
Adams of the British approach. The war erupted and Revere went on to serve
as lieutenant colonel in the Massachusetts State Train of Artillery and
commander of Castle Island in Boston Harbor. Revere and his troops saw
little action at this post, but they did participate in minor expeditions to
Newport, Rhode Island and Worcester, Mass. Revere's rather undistinguished
military career ended with the failed Penobscot expedition.
Revere expanded his business interests in the years following the
Revolution. He imported goods from England and ran a small hardware store
until 1789. By 1788 he had opened a foundry which supplied bolts, spikes and
nails for North End shipyards (including brass fittings for the U.S.S. Constitution),
produced cannons and, after 1792, cast bells. One of his largest bells still
rings in Boston's Kings Chapel.
Concerned that the United States had to import sheet copper from
England, Revere opened the first copper rolling mill in North America in
1801. He provided copper sheeting for the hull of the U.S.S. Constitution
and the dome of the new Massachusetts State House in 1803. Revere Copper and
Brass, Inc., the descendent of Revere's rolling mill is best known for
"Revereware" copper-bottomed pots and pans. Revereware is now,
however, manufactured by another company.
Revere's community and social involvements were extensive. He was a
Freemason from 1760 to 1809 and held several offices in St. Andrew's and
Rising States Lodges as well as the Massachusetts Grand Lodge. A member of
the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Association, Revere also served as
the association's first president. Founded in 1794, the group was an
organization of artisans, and small businessmen who sought to improve the
conditions under which their peers worked and aided members in
"distressed" circumstances.
In 1811, at the age of 76, Paul Revere retired and left his
well-established copper business in the hand of his sons and grandsons.
Revere seems to have remained healthy in his final years, despite the
personal sorrow caused by the deaths of his wife Rachel and son Paul in
1813. Revere died of natural causes on May 10, 1818 at the age of 83,
leaving five children, several grandchildren and great-grandchildren. The
son of an immigrant artisan, not born to wealth or inheritance, Revere died
a modestly well-to-do businessman and a popular local figure of some note.
An obituary in the Boston Intelligence commented, "seldom has
the tomb closed upon a life so honorable and useful." Paul Revere is
buried in Boston's Granary Burying Ground.
Recommended readings: (Click on the link to purchase)
Title: Paul
Revere's Ride || Author: David Hackett Fischer ||ISBN: 0-195-09831-5
||Released: April 1994
The title here is a bit misleading. I remember little
about the biography of Paul Revere, but the recollection of the
events which occurred on April 19th, 1775 are permanent. Now one of the
foremost American historians offers the first full-scale history
of this monumental event. In Paul Revere's Ride, David
Hackett Fischer fashions an exciting narrative that offers deep
insight into the outbreak of revolution and the emergence of the
American republic. Beginning in the years before the war,
Fischer illuminates the figure of Paul Revere, a man far more
complex than the simple artisan and messenger of tradition.
Drawing on intensive new research, Fischer guides readers
through the world of Boston's revolutionary movement, recreates
the fateful events on the eve of battle, and provides a fresh
interpretation of the battle that began the war at Lexington and
Concord.
Portraying the man behind the myth, A True Republican goes
beyond the famous "ride" to explore Paul Revere's
larger role in the American Revolution, the evolution of his
political thought, and his transformation from Revolutionary
artisan to entrepreneur in the early republic. Jayne E.
Triber's insightful reading of both primary and secondary
sources-including government documents, Masonic records, and
Revere's personal and business papers-illuminates the
social, cultural, and economic factors that shaped Revere's
Revolutionary activities as well as his ardent
interpretation of republicanism. Through the lens of one
man's life, Triber explores the meaning and attraction of
republicanism for artisans, the social structure of
Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary America, the importance
of Free-masonry, and the development of political parties in
the newly formed republic.